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Что (кто) такое Unicode - определение
COMPUTING INDUSTRY STANDARD FOR THE CONSISTENT ENCODING, REPRESENTATION AND HANDLING OF TEXT EXPRESSED IN MOST OF THE WORLD'S WRITING SYSTEMS
UniCode; Unicode Transformation Format; Unicode.org; Unicode Standard; Unicode pipeline; Unicode Pipeline; The Unicode Standard; Unicode roadmap; MES-1; MES-2; Unicode transformation format; Unicode 5.0; U+; Yunicode; Unicode 5.1; Unicode 5.2; Brakcet; Unicode 8; UNICODE; Uni-code; Unicode anomaly; Unicode 6.0; Unicode codepoint; Unicode 6.1; Unicode 6.2; Unicode versions; Unicode code points; Unicode alias; Unicode 6.3; Unicode 7.0; Unicode Transformation Formats; Unicode 6; Unicode 1.0.0; Unicode 1.0.1; Unicode 1.1; Unicode 2.0; Unicode 2.1; Unicode 3.0; Unicode 3.1; Unicode 3.2; Unicode 4.0; Unicode 4.1; Unicode 8.0; Unicode 1.0; Unicode 1; Unicode 2; Unicode 3; Unicode 4; Unicode 5; Unicode 7; Unicode 9.0; Unicode 9; Unicode 88; Unicode 10; Unicode 10.0; Unicode 9.0.0; Unicode 10.0.0; Unicode 8.0.0; Unicode 7.0.0; Unicode 6.0.0; Unicode 5.0.0; Unicode 4.0.0; Unicode 3.0.0; Unicode 2.0.0; Unicode code point; Unicode 11; Unicode 11.0; Unicode 12; Unicode 12.0; Multilingual European subsets; Multilingual European subset; Bulldog Award; Unicode 12.1; Script Encoding Initiative; Unicode 13; Unicode 13.0; Unicode notation; Unicode 12.0.0; Unicode 13.0.0; Unicode 11.0.0; Unicode 3.1.1; Unicode 3.0.1; Unicode 14.0.0; Unicode 14.0; Unicode 14; Unicode 12.1.0; Unicode 1.1.0; Unicode 1.1.5; Unicode 2.1.0; Unicode 3.1.0; Unicode 4.0.1; Unicode 4.1.0; Unicode 5.1.0; Unicode 5.2.0; Unicode 6.1.0; Unicode 6.2.0; Unicode 6.3.0; Unicode 3.2.0; Unicode 2.1.5; Unicode 2.1.8; Unicode 2.1.9; Unicode 2.1.2; The Unicode Bulldog Award; Unicode Bulldog Award; Unicode 15; Unicode 15.0; Unicode 15.0.0; Unicode Character Set; Unicode Version History
![Various [[Cyrillic]] characters shown with upright, oblique, and italic alternate forms](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cyrillic cursive.svg?width=200 "Various [[Cyrillic]] characters shown with upright, oblique, and italic alternate forms")
![Many modern applications can render a substantial subset of the many [[scripts in Unicode]], as demonstrated by this screenshot from the [[OpenOffice.org]] application.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Unicode sample.png?width=200 "Many modern applications can render a substantial subset of the many [[scripts in Unicode]], as demonstrated by this screenshot from the [[OpenOffice.org]] application.")
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Unicode
1. <character> A 16-bit character set standard, designed and
maintained by the non-profit consortium Unicode Inc.
Originally Unicode was designed to be universal, unique, and
uniform, i.e., the code was to cover all major modern written
languages (universal), each character was to have exactly one
encoding (unique), and each character was to be represented by
a fixed width in bits (uniform).
Parallel to the development of Unicode an ISO/IEC
standard was being worked on that put a large emphasis on
being compatible with existing character codes such as ASCII
or ISO Latin 1. To avoid having two competing 16-bit
standards, in 1992 the two teams compromised to define a
common character code standard, known both as Unicode and
BMP.
Since the merger the character codes are the same but the two
standards are not identical. The ISO/IEC standard covers only
coding while Unicode includes additional specifications that
help implementation.
Unicode is not a glyph encoding. The same character can be
displayed as a variety of glyphs, depending not only on the
font and style, but also on the adjacent characters. A
sequence of characters can be displayed as a single glyph or a
character can be displayed as a sequence of glyphs. Which
will be the case, is often font dependent.
See also Jürgen Bettels and F. Avery Bishop's paper {Unicode:
A universal character code
(http://research.compaq.com/wrl/DECarchives/DTJ/DTJB02/DTJB02SC.TXT) }.
(2002-08-06)
2. <language> A pre-Fortran on the IBM 1130, similar to
MATH-MATIC.
[Sammet 1969, p.137 ].
(2004-09-14)
Unicode symbols
UNICODE CHARACTER WHICH IS NOT PART OF A SCRIPT USED TO WRITE A NATURAL LANGUAGE, BUT IS NONETHELESS AVAILABLE FOR USE AS PART OF A TEXT
Unicode Symbols
In computing, a Unicode symbol is a Unicode character which is not part of a script used to write a natural language, but is nonetheless available for use as part of a text.
Unicode font
TYPEFACE THAT MAPS GLYPHS TO CODE POINTS DEFINED IN THE UNICODE STANDARD
Unicode Fonts; UCS fonts; UCS Fonts; Unicode Font; UCS font; UCS Font; UCS typefaces; Unicode Typefaces; UCS Typefaces; Unicode fonts; Unicode Typeface; Comparison of typefaces; Unicode typefaces; Unicode typeface; Pan-Unicode font
A Unicode font is a computer font that maps glyphs to code points defined in the Unicode Standard. The vast majority of modern computer fonts use Unicode mappings, even those fonts which only include glyphs for a single writing system, or even only support the basic Latin alphabet.
Script (Unicode)
SUBSET OF CHARACTERS IN UNICODE
Unicode scripts; Scripts in Unicode; Common (script); Common script; List of Unicode scripts; Inherited script; Unknown script; Unicode script
In Unicode, a script is a collection of letters and other written signs used to represent textual information in one or more writing systems. Some scripts support one and only one writing system and language, for example, Armenian.
Open-source Unicode typefaces
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Free software unicode fonts; Free Unicode fonts; Free software Unicode fonts; Free software Unicode typeface; MPH 2B Damase; Free software unicode typefaces; Free software Unicode typefaces; Open-source Unicode Typefaces
There are Unicode typefaces which are open-source and designed to contain glyphs of all Unicode characters, or at least a broad selection of Unicode scripts. There are also numerous projects aimed at providing only a certain script, such as the Arabeyes Arabic font.
Chess symbols in Unicode
![[[GNU Chess]] using Unicode chess characters to display a chess board in the terminal.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/GNU Chess on macOS.png?width=200 "[[GNU Chess]] using Unicode chess characters to display a chess board in the terminal.")
TEXT CHARACTER REPRESENTING A CHESS PIECE
Figurine notation; Chess symbols in unicode; Chess pieces in Unicode; Unicode chess symbols
Chess symbols are part of Unicode. Instead of using images, one can represent chess pieces by symbols that are defined in the Unicode character set.
Plane (Unicode)
CONTINUOUS GROUP OF 65536 CODE POINTS IN THE UNICODE CODED CHARACTER SET
Basic multilingual plane; Basic Multilingual Plane; Supplementary Multilingual Plane; Plane One; Plane Zero; Plane Fifteen; Plane Sixteen; Supplementary Ideographic Plane; Plane Two; Supplementary Special-purpose Plane; Plane Fourteen; Plane 0; Plane 1; Plane 2; Plane 14; Plane 15; Plane 16; Astral character; Mapping of Unicode character planes; Unicode plane; Supplementary characters; Unicode planes; Tertiary Ideographic Plane; Private Use Plane; Astral plane (Unicode); Plane 15 (Unicode); Plane 16 (Unicode); Private use plane; Private use plane (Unicode); UCS-PUP15; PUP15; PUP16; UCS-PUP16; PUP15 (Unicode); PUP16 (Unicode); Supplementary plane; Unicode BMP; Private Use Planes; Plane 4; Plane 5; Plane 6; Plane 7; Plane 8; Plane 9; Plane 10; Plane 11; Plane 12; Plane 13; Supplemental Multilingual Plane; Supplemental Ideographic Plane; Supplemental Special-purpose Plane; Plane (unicode)
In the Unicode standard, a plane is a continuous group of 65,536 (216) code points. There are 17 planes, identified by the numbers 0 to 16, which corresponds with the possible values 00–1016 of the first two positions in six position hexadecimal format (U+hhhhhh).
Unicode block
NAMED RANGE OF UNICODE CODE POINTS
Unicode blocks; Block (Unicode); List of Unicode blocks
A Unicode block is one of several contiguous ranges of numeric character codes (code points) of the Unicode character set that are defined by the Unicode Consortium for administrative and documentation purposes. Typically, proposals such as the addition of new glyphs are discussed and evaluated by considering the relevant block or blocks as a whole.
Arial Unicode MS
SANS-SERIF FONT CONFORMING TO THE UNICODE 2.1 STANDARD
Arial MS Unicode; Arial Unicode
In digital typography, the TrueType font Arial Unicode MS is an extended version of the font Arial. Compared to Arial, it includes higher line height, omits kerning pairs and adds enough glyphs to cover a large subset of Unicode 2.
Unicode and email
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UNICODE AND EMAIL
Unicode and Email; Unicode and E-mail; Unicode and e-mail
Many email clients now offer some support for Unicode. Some clients will automatically choose between a legacy encoding and Unicode depending on the mail's content, either automatically or when the user requests it.
Википедия
Unicode
Unicode, formally The Unicode Standard, is an information technology standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. The standard, which is maintained by the Unicode Consortium, defines as of the current version (15.0) 149,186 characters covering 161 modern and historic scripts, as well as symbols, 3664 emoji (including in colors), and non-visual control and formatting codes.
Unicode's success at unifying character sets has led to its widespread and predominant use in the internationalization and localization of computer software. The standard has been implemented in many recent technologies, including modern operating systems, XML, JSON, and most modern programming languages, sometimes only in UTF-8 form.
The Unicode character repertoire is synchronized with ISO/IEC 10646, each being code-for-code identical to the other. The Unicode Standard, however, includes more than just the base code. Alongside the character encodings, the Consortium's official publication includes a wide variety of details about the scripts and how to display them: normalization rules, decomposition, collation, rendering, and bidirectional text display order for multilingual texts, and so on. The Standard also includes reference data files and visual charts to help developers and designers correctly implement the repertoire.
Unicode can be stored using several different encodings, which translate the character codes into sequences of bytes. The Unicode standard defines three encodings but several others exist, mostly variable-length encodings. The most common encodings are the ASCII-compatible UTF-8, the ASCII-incompatible UTF-16 (compatible with the obsolete UCS-2), and the Chinese Unicode encoding standard GB18030 which is not an official Unicode standard but is used in China and implements Unicode fully.
